Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases among children and adolescents. Within this group, type 1 diabetes is the most frequent, with an average age of onset around 8 years old. However, in recent years, a significant increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes has been observed among the pediatric population, especially during adolescence. This increase is related to the rise in obesity and insulin resistance in children, factors that contribute to more young people developing this disease.
It is crucial that children diagnosed with diabetes learn to lead healthy lifestyle habits during childhood and adolescence. This learning process involves not only the child but also their family environment, as parents and caregivers play a fundamental role in implementing a healthy and balanced diet. It is vital that both children and their parents pay special attention to the amount of carbohydrates and sugars they consume. A proper diet can help control blood glucose levels, which is essential for diabetes management.
In addition to a proper diet, it is important for children with diabetes to maintain an active lifestyle and engage in regular physical exercise. Physical activity improves insulin sensitivity and helps control body weight, which are important factors in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes.
Early and continuous control of diabetes is essential to prevent serious complications in adulthood. Good management of the disease from childhood significantly reduces the risk of developing long-term health problems. One of the most common complications of diabetes is neuropathy. Specifically, diabetic neuropathy can have a significant impact on the feet, causing a decrease in sensitivity, thus increasing the risk of ulcers and infections that can lead to serious complications if not managed properly.
For this reason, in addition to following healthy eating habits, it will also be necessary to establish healthy foot care habits. To achieve this goal, it is recommended that the following guidelines be followed from the moment the minor is diagnosed with diabetes:
- Always wear socks to prevent chafing.
- Clean feet daily.
- Dry feet carefully, especially between the toes.
- Use neutral soap.
- Cut toenails in a straight line.
- Protect feet from heat and cold.
- Observe feet daily to treat any wound or chafing they may have.
In addition to diabetic neuropathy, there are various pathologies that are common in children diagnosed with diabetes, such as:
Xerosis and skin thickening
Xerosis, or dry skin, is one of the most frequent signs of diabetes. Many diabetic patients present alterations such as skin peeling, a reduction in elasticity, and skin thickening.
Infections
In diabetic children, the most common infections are caused by fungi and bacteria, particularly Candida, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus species.
Fungi
Diabetic children have a higher susceptibility to infections by dermatophytes and candida. The most frequent infections include Tinea Pedis (athlete’s foot) and Onychomycosis (fungal infection of the nails).
Bacteria
Staphylococcal infections are more common in insulin-dependent diabetic patients than in those who are not. Among the most frequent bacterial infections are folliculitis and impetigo.
Therefore, educating children and their families about the importance of a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and proper foot care is fundamental. This not only improves the quality of life for children with diabetes but also prevents future complications, allowing them to lead full and healthy lives. Regular medical attention and follow-up by a multidisciplinary team are crucial both to ensure proper management of the disease and to provide the necessary support to both the children and their families throughout the process.
